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        data-chapter-title="头条在线消息推送实现"
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                            <b>1.</b>
                        
                        项目介绍
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                            <b>1.1.</b>
                        
                        ToutiaoWeb虚拟机使用说明
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                        Pycharm远程开发
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                        产品与开发
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                            <b>2.</b>
                        
                        数据库
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                            <b>2.1.</b>
                        
                        数据库设计
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                        理解ORM
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                        SQLAlchemy映射构建
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                            <b>2.4.</b>
                        
                        SQLAlchemy操作
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                            <b>2.5.</b>
                        
                        数据库理论
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                            <b>2.6.</b>
                        
                        分布式ID
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                            <b>2.7.</b>
                        
                        数据库优化
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                            <b>2.8.</b>
                        
                        Redis
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                            <b>3.</b>
                        
                        Git工作流
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                            <b>3.1.</b>
                        
                        Gitflow
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                            <b>3.2.</b>
                        
                        Git总结
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                            <b>3.3.</b>
                        
                        工程目录
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                            <b>3.4.</b>
                        
                        调试方法
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                            <b>4.</b>
                        
                        JWT
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                            <b>4.1.</b>
                        
                        JWT &amp; JWS &amp; JWE
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                        PythonLib
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                        实施方案
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                            <b>4.4.</b>
                        
                        禁用问题
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                            <b>5.</b>
                        
                        对象存储
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                            <b>5.1.</b>
                        
                        七牛云存储
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                            <b>5.2.</b>
                        
                        CDN
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                            <b>6.</b>
                        
                        缓存
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                            <b>6.1.</b>
                        
                        缓存的架构
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                            <b>6.2.</b>
                        
                        缓存的数据
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                            <b>6.3.</b>
                        
                        缓存的有效期与淘汰策略
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                            <b>6.4.</b>
                        
                        缓存模式
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                            <b>6.5.</b>
                        
                        缓存问题
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                            <b>6.6.</b>
                        
                        项目缓存与Redis持久存储设计
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                            <b>6.7.</b>
                        
                        项目缓存实现
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                            <b>6.8.</b>
                        
                        项目Redis持久存储实现
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                            <b>7.</b>
                        
                        APScheduler
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                            <b>7.1.</b>
                        
                        APScheduler使用
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                            <b>7.2.</b>
                        
                        定时修正统计数据
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                            <b>8.</b>
                        
                        RPC
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                            <b>8.1.</b>
                        
                        RPC简介
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                            <b>8.2.</b>
                        
                        gRPC
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                            <b>8.3.</b>
                        
                        Protocol Buffers
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                            <b>8.4.</b>
                        
                        推荐系统接口定义
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                            <b>8.5.</b>
                        
                        服务端
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                            <b>8.6.</b>
                        
                        客户端
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="C08-RPC/ToutiaoAPIViewImplement.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C08-RPC/ToutiaoAPIViewImplement.html">
                
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                            <b>8.7.</b>
                        
                        头条首页新闻推荐接口编写
                    </a>
            
            
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                            <b>9.</b>
                        
                        即时通信
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="C09-IM/AboutIM.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C09-IM/AboutIM.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.1.</b>
                        
                        即时通信简介
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="C09-IM/WebSocket.html">
            
                
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                            <b>9.2.</b>
                        
                        WebSocket
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                            <b>9.3.</b>
                        
                        Socket.IO
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="C09-IM/Chat.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C09-IM/Chat.html">
                
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                            <b>9.4.</b>
                        
                        头条聊天服务实现
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        <li class="chapter active" data-level="9.5" data-path="C09-IM/MessagePush.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C09-IM/MessagePush.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.5.</b>
                        
                        头条在线消息推送实现
                    </a>
            
            
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            </ul>
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/index.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/index.html">
                
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                            <b>10.</b>
                        
                        Elasticsearch
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            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/Introduction.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/Introduction.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.1.</b>
                        
                        简介与原理
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/ConceptAndCluster.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/ConceptAndCluster.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.2.</b>
                        
                        概念与集群
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/AnalysisIK.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/AnalysisIK.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.3.</b>
                        
                        IK中文分析器
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.4" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/IndexAndType.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/IndexAndType.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.4.</b>
                        
                        索引与类型
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.5" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/Document.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/Document.html">
                
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                            <b>10.5.</b>
                        
                        文档
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.6" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/Logstash.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/Logstash.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.6.</b>
                        
                        Logstash导入数据
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.7" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/Query.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/Query.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.7.</b>
                        
                        查询
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.8" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/ToutiaoSearchImplement.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/ToutiaoSearchImplement.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.8.</b>
                        
                        头条全文检索实现
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.9" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/Suggest.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/Suggest.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.9.</b>
                        
                        suggest查询
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.10" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/ToutiaoSuggestImplement.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/ToutiaoSuggestImplement.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.10.</b>
                        
                        头条suggest查询实现
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    

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                            <b>11.</b>
                        
                        单元测试
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                            <b>12.</b>
                        
                        部署相关
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                            <b>12.1.</b>
                        
                        Gunicorn
                    </a>
            
            
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                            <b>12.2.</b>
                        
                        Supervisor
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                        <h1 id="&#x5934;&#x6761;&#x5728;&#x7EBF;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x63A8;&#x9001;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;">&#x5934;&#x6761;&#x5728;&#x7EBF;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x63A8;&#x9001;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;</h1>
<h3 id="&#x9700;&#x6C42;">&#x9700;&#x6C42;</h3>
<p>&#x5728;&#x5934;&#x6761;&#x7684;Flask&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x540E;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x63A8;&#x9001;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x961F;&#x5217;&#x544A;&#x77E5;IM&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x4E3A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x63A8;&#x9001;</p>
<p><img src="../images/&#x63A8;&#x9001;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x6D41;&#x7A0B;.png" alt="push"></p>
<p>&#x5728;Socket.IO &#x6846;&#x67B6;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x4E2D;&#x95F4;&#x4EF6;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li><p>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;Redis</p>
<pre><code class="lang-python">  mgr = socketio.RedisManager(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;redis://&apos;</span>)
  sio = socketio.Server(client_manager=mgr)
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;RabbitMQ</p>
<pre><code class="lang-shell">  pip install kombu
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="lang-python">  mgr = socketio.KombuManager(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;amqp://&apos;</span>)
  sio = socketio.Server(client_manager=mgr)
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;">&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;</h3>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8981;&#x7ED9;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x63A8;&#x9001;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7684;&#x8EAB;&#x4EFD;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5728;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x643A;&#x5E26;JWT&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;SocketIO&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x7AEF;&#x5BF9;jwt token&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#x51FA;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x8EAB;&#x4EFD;(user_id)&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x5230;&#x540D;&#x4E3A;&#x7528;&#x6237;id&#x7684;room&#x623F;&#x95F4;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x6309;&#x7167;user_id&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x63A8;&#x9001;&#x3002;</p>
<h4 id="socketio&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7AEF;&#x7F16;&#x5199;">socketio&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7AEF;&#x7F16;&#x5199;</h4>
<p>&#x5728;toutiao-backend/im/main.py&#x4E2D;&#x8865;&#x5145;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x641C;&#x5BFB;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#xFF0C;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;utils&#x4E2D;&#x7684;jwt_utils&#x6A21;&#x5757;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> eventlet
eventlet.monkey_patch()

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> eventlet.wsgi
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sys
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> os

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x8865;&#x5145;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x5305;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;</span>
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;common&apos;</span>))

<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> len(sys.argv) &lt; <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
    print(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;Usage: python main.py [port]&apos;</span>)
    exit(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)

port = int(sys.argv[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>])

<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> server <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> app
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> chat
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> notify

SERVER_ADDRESS = (<span class="hljs-string">&apos;&apos;</span>, port)
sock = eventlet.listen(SERVER_ADDRESS)
eventlet.wsgi.server(sock, app)
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;toutiao-backend/im/server.py&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x8865;&#x5145;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x961F;&#x5217;rabbitmq&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x548C;jwt&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x79D8;&#x94A5;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> socketio

RABBITMQ = <span class="hljs-string">&apos;amqp://python:rabbitmqpwd@localhost:5672/toutiao&apos;</span>
JWT_SECRET = <span class="hljs-string">&apos;TPmi4aLWRbyVq8zu9v82dWYW17/z+UvRnYTt4P6fAXA&apos;</span>

mgr = socketio.KombuManager(RABBITMQ)

sio = socketio.Server(async_mode=<span class="hljs-string">&apos;eventlet&apos;</span>, client_manager=mgr)
app = socketio.Middleware(sio)
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;toutiao-backend/im&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E2D;&#x65B0;&#x5EFA;notify.py</p>
<pre><code class="lang-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> server <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sio, JWT_SECRET
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> werkzeug.wrappers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Request
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> utils.jwt_util <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> verify_jwt

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">check_jwt_token</span><span class="hljs-params">(environ)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
    &#x68C0;&#x9A8C;jwt token
    :param environ:
    :return:
    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
    request = Request(environ)
    token = request.args.get(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;token&apos;</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> token:
        payload = verify_jwt(token, JWT_SECRET)
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> payload:
            user_id = payload.get(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;user_id&apos;</span>)
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> user_id
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">None</span>

<span class="hljs-decorator">@sio.on(&apos;connect&apos;)</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">on_connect</span><span class="hljs-params">(sid, environ)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
    &#x4E0E;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x540E;&#x6267;&#x884C;
    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x68C0;&#x9A8C;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;jwt token</span>
    user_id = check_jwt_token(environ)
    print(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;user_id={}&apos;</span>.format(user_id))
    <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x82E5;&#x68C0;&#x9A8C;&#x51FA;user_id&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x6B64;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x5230;user_id&#x7684;room&#x4E2D;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> user_id:
        sio.enter_room(sid, str(user_id))

<span class="hljs-decorator">@sio.on(&apos;disconnect&apos;)</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">on_disconnect</span><span class="hljs-params">(sid)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
    &#x4E0E;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x65AD;&#x5F00;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x65F6;&#x6267;&#x884C;
    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x79BB;&#x7EBF;&#x65F6;&#x5C06;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x4ECE;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x623F;&#x95F4;&#x4E2D;&#x79FB;&#x9664;</span>
    rooms = sio.rooms(sid)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> room <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> rooms:
        sio.leave_room(sid, room)
</code></pre>
<h4 id="flask-web&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7AEF;&#x7F16;&#x5199;">flask web&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7AEF;&#x7F16;&#x5199;</h4>
<p>&#x5728;<code>toutiao-backend/toutiao/__init__.py</code>&#x4E2D; &#x6DFB;&#x52A0;sio&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> socketio

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">create_app</span><span class="hljs-params">(config, enable_config_file=False)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
    &#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x5E94;&#x7528;
    :param config: &#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;
    :param enable_config_file: &#x662F;&#x5426;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x8986;&#x76D6;&#x5DF2;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;
    :return: &#x5E94;&#x7528;
    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
    ...

    <span class="hljs-comment"># socket.io</span>
    app.sio = socketio.KombuManager(app.config[<span class="hljs-string">&apos;RABBITMQ&apos;</span>], write_only=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>)

    ...
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;toutiao-backend/toutiao/resources/user/following.py &#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x89C6;&#x56FE;&#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x6D88;&#x606F;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">FollowingListResource</span><span class="hljs-params">(Resource)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
    &#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x7528;&#x6237;
    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
    method_decorators = {
        <span class="hljs-string">&apos;post&apos;</span>: [login_required],
        <span class="hljs-string">&apos;get&apos;</span>: [login_required],
    }

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">post</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
        &#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x7528;&#x6237;
        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;</span>
        ...

        <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x901A;&#x77E5;</span>
        _user = cache_user.UserProfileCache(g.user_id).get()
        _data = {
            <span class="hljs-string">&apos;user_id&apos;</span>: g.user_id,
            <span class="hljs-string">&apos;user_name&apos;</span>: _user[<span class="hljs-string">&apos;name&apos;</span>],
            <span class="hljs-string">&apos;user_photo&apos;</span>: _user[<span class="hljs-string">&apos;photo&apos;</span>],
            <span class="hljs-string">&apos;timestamp&apos;</span>: int(time.time())
        }
        current_app.sio.emit(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;following notify&apos;</span>, data=_data, room=str(target))

        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {<span class="hljs-string">&apos;target&apos;</span>: target}, <span class="hljs-number">201</span>
</code></pre>
<h4 id="&#x6548;&#x679C;">&#x6548;&#x679C;</h4>
<p><img src="../images/&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x63A8;&#x9001;.png" alt="&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x63A8;&#x9001;&#x6548;&#x679C;"></p>

                    
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